Major goddess of Arabia; second of the three "daughters of Allah" in the Quranic-polemical framing (Q 53:19-22). Goddess of the morning/evening star (Venus) per the Hellenistic-period equation with Aphrodite preserved in Nabataean-Petra and Sinai inscriptions. Principal cult-center at Nakhla (the sacred grove between Mecca and Ta'if), with the goddess venerated through three samura trees (Acacia tortilis) at the cult-site. The al-'Uzza cult-trees at Nakhla were destroyed by Khalid ibn al-Walid on Muhammad's orders following the 630 CE submission of the Hijaz to Islamic authority. Per the canonical Ibn al-Kalbi narrative, when Khalid cut down the third tree, a black-skinned woman emerged with disheveled hair — the goddess herself in epiphanic form — whom Khalid killed with his sword, definitively ending the cult. The narrative preserves the foundational Islamic-conquest deity-destruction archetype: the cult-figure destroyed not just iconographically but in personal-epiphanic form, encoding the comprehensive monotheistic suppression of the polytheistic substrate.