Khan Tigir, 'Ruler Sky', is the deified heaven of the Khakas and the chief of the luminous beings of the upper world, one of three cosmic strata alongside the middle world of humans and the underworld of Erlik. His name preserves the ancient Turkic sky-god Tengri. Prayers and light offerings directed 'upward' were addressed to Khan Tigir together with Khudai; his enduring prominence is reflected in the modern Khakas religious revival society that bears his name.