Trebaruna the Home-Guardian
Lusitanian · deity · Iron Age to Roman period · Recorded classification
Name leads with the English phrase 'the Home-Guardian'; attested votive form Trebaruna/Trebarune. Native theonym analysed as Celtic *trebo- ('house, dwelling') + *runā ('secret' or 'protectress'). Generally treated as female and as the consort-figure paired with Reve, though her exact gender and whether her role was domestic or martial remain debated. Known from epigraphy alone.
Domains
- home household
- war battle
Powers
- protect the household and dwelling
Epithets
- Trebaruna Goddess of the home, the community (treba), and of battleHispano-Roman votive inscriptions (primary)
Sources
- Trebaruna receives a sheep in the Cabeço das Fráguas suovetaurilia and is attested in some six dedications across central Lusitania (Beira Baixa, northern Extremadura), generally taken to be a goddess of the home that later acquired a protective/martial role.: Cabeço das Fráguas inscription, Benespera (Guarda) (inscription); J. Leite de Vasconcelos, Religiões da Lusitânia (Lisbon 1905) (secondary)
- Two altars dedicated by the soldier Tongius at Fundão, one of them to Victoria, prompted Vasconcelos to propose an interpretatio of Trebaruna as Victoria, though Lambrino cautioned the dedications may be years apart.: J. Leite de Vasconcelos (1905); S. Lambrino, discussion of the Lusitanian theonyms (secondary)