Dorje Shugden, 'Vajra Possessing Strength', also called Dolgyal ('the king-spirit of Dol'), is a wrathful protector whose cult tradition traces to the death of Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen (1619-1656), a Gelug lama of Drepung whose spirit was believed to have manifested as a fierce deity at Dol Chumig Karmo. He is depicted as a monk-armoured rider on a snow lion, wearing a golden domed hat, brandishing a sword and clutching a heart. His cult was systematized in the early twentieth century by Pabongkha Rinpoche, whose followers promoted Shugden as the chief protector of an exclusively guarded Gelug tradition. The deity's status is deeply contested: devotees regard him as an enlightened protector, while the Fourteenth Dalai Lama and much of the Tibetan religious establishment regard him as a worldly or harmful spirit and have discouraged his propitiation, producing the modern 'Shugden affair' analysed by Georges Dreyfus. Nebesky-Wojkowitz documented the deity's iconography, myths and oracles as they stood in mid-twentieth-century Tibet.