Bagatulayan is the Tinguian (Itneg) spirit who lives in and directs the activities of the celestial, or sky, realm, as recorded by Fay-Cooper Cole. He governs the workings of the upper world. The literature is divided on his rank: Cole's own ethnography presents Kadaklan as 'the greatest' of the spirits while Bagatulayan directs the celestial activities, whereas a number of later, post-Cole popular syntheses recast Bagatulayan as the supreme creator with Kadaklan subordinate to him. Cole attests no spouse, kin, or peer relation for Bagatulayan.