Batara Guru

In Balinese usage Batara Guru and Batara Siva are names of Mahesvara. The Javanese wayang account of Manikmaya belongs to a distinct regional portrayal.

Names and tradition associations

• Shiva Hindu · resolvedBatara Guru, introductory discussion, Javanese section and reference 2 quoting Bernet Kempers p. 83 (encyclopedia)
• Bhatara Guru Balinese · same recordBatara Guru, introductory discussion, Javanese section and reference 2 quoting Bernet Kempers p. 83 (encyclopedia)
• Batara Siva Balinese · same recordBatara Guru, introductory discussion, Javanese section and reference 2 quoting Bernet Kempers p. 83 (encyclopedia)
• Siwa Balinese · same recordBatara Guru, introductory discussion, Javanese section and reference 2 quoting Bernet Kempers p. 83 (encyclopedia)
• Sang Hyang Manikmaya Javanese · resolvedBatara Guru, introductory discussion, Javanese section and reference 2 quoting Bernet Kempers p. 83 (encyclopedia)
• Girinata Javanese · resolvedBatara Guru, introductory discussion, Javanese section and reference 2 quoting Bernet Kempers p. 83 (encyclopedia)

Variant accounts

• source review correctionUse the attested name as the display name; retain the earlier descriptive label as an alias. Manikmaya and Girinata are documented in the Javanese portrayal; their transfer into this Balinese record has not been established.Batara Guru, Balinese usage and distinct Javanese portrayal (secondary)

Domains

• kingship of gods
• sacred knowledge

Powers

• grants revelations, weapons and supernatural gifts to gods and heroes
• rides the divine bull across the heavens
• Uphold cosmic order from Mount Meru as king of the gods

Epithets

• ᬲᬂᬳ᭄ᬬᬂᬫᬦᬶᬓ᭄ᬫᬬ balinese · Sang Hyang Manikmaya'Holy Jewel-of-Illusion' — Śiva as the supreme teacher-god of wayangJavanese-Balinese wayang theology (secondary)
• ᬕᬶᬭᬶᬦᬵᬢ balinese · Girinata'Lord of the Mountain' — title of Bhaṭāra Guru/ŚivaWayang and Tantu Panggelaran tradition (secondary)
• Bhaṭāra Guru Old Javanese · Batara Guru · lifelongDivine Teacher / Lord PreceptorHooykaas, Cosmogony and Creation in Balinese Tradition (secondary)

Relations

• regional cult form: ShivaBalinese Batara Guru is a name of Mahesvara; the Javanese wayang genealogy is not asserted here.Old Javanese kakawin and tutur literature using Bhaṭāra Guru for Śiwa (primary); P.J. Zoetmulder, Old Javanese-English Dictionary (1982), s.v. 'guru/Bhaṭāra Guru'; Kalangwan (1974) (secondary); Batara Guru, introductory discussion, Javanese section and reference 2 quoting Bernet Kempers p. 83 (encyclopedia)

Sources

• Batara Guru is the Indonesian (Javano-Balinese) form of Rudra-Shiva, ruling the gods' realm (kahyangan) and acting as supreme teacher; consort Dewi Uma, mount Nandi.: Zoetmulder, P.J. (1982). Old Javanese-English Dictionary. The Hague: Nijhoff. (secondary); Rassers, W.H. (1959). Panji, the Culture Hero. The Hague: Nijhoff. (secondary)
• In Balinese usage Batara Guru and Batara Siva are names of Mahesvara. The Javanese wayang account of Manikmaya belongs to a distinct regional portrayal.: Batara Guru, introductory discussion, Javanese section and reference 2 quoting Bernet Kempers p. 83 (encyclopedia)