Ra

Egyptian · deity · primordial · Recorded classification

Supreme solar god, creator and first divine king of Egypt.

Parentage

nb tꜣwy egyptian · neb tawy · cultLord of the Two Lands; the solar creator as sovereign of EgyptPyramid Texts; Litany of Re (New Kingdom royal tombs) (primary)
ḫpri egyptian · Khepri · cultThe Becoming-One / morning sun; Ra as the scarab of dawnBook of the Dead spell 17; Coffin Texts (primary)
rꜥ-ḥr-ꜣḫty egyptian · Ra-Horakhty · cultRa-Horus of the two horizons; the sun at its rising and settingGreat Hymn to the Aten (precursor); temple solar liturgies (primary)
nb ꜥnḫ egyptian · neb ankh · hymnicLord of life; the sun as the source of all living thingsAssmann, Egyptian Solar Religion in the New Kingdom (secondary)
jtm egyptian · Atum · cultRa-Atum: the Complete One; the evening and primeval self-created sun of HeliopolisPyramid Texts; the Heliopolitan cosmogony (Ra-Atum) (primary)

sibling: AtumFull sibling — shares the same attested parentage (Nun) per the figures' cited genealogy.
sibling: KhnumFull sibling — shares the same attested parentage (Nun) per the figures' cited genealogy.
sibling: NeithFull sibling — shares the same attested parentage (Nun) per the figures' cited genealogy.
enemy: ApepThe nightly enemy. Apep lies in wait in the Duat, attacks the barque and is driven off before sunrise, every night, without ever being finished. Reciprocal added with the Apep record, which had been absent from the registry.The Amduat, the Book of Gates and the Book of Overthrowing Apep (Bremner-Rhind Papyrus), on the serpent's nightly attack on the solar barque and its repulse before dawn. (primary)
interpretatio: HeliosReciprocal of greek_hesiod_helios.interpretatio — Greeks named Ra's city Heliopolis, reading the supreme solar creator as Helios. Preserves the all-seeing solar journey (Ra's barque ~ Helios's chariot); breaks on Ra's creator-kingship, far above Helios's rank.Greek toponym Heliopolis for Iunu (Herodotus, Histories 2.3, 2.59) (primary)
royal patron of: Ptolemy I SoterThe Egyptian throne name calls the ruler chosen by Re. This is royal election, not biological descent.Chris Bennett, Egyptian Royal Genealogy, Ptolemy I, notes 12 and 15: Stele Vienna 153; Gauthier, Livre des Rois IV, p. 216 (V) (secondary)