Sky Father

Spirit-class sky-god (classed as deity). Native compound: num/numi 'upper, high' + torum/torem 'sky, god'. Authored under the Khanty label (Num Turem Aśi, 'Upper Sky Father'); the Mansi form Numi-Torum is given as a transliteration and the Mansi figures (Mir-susne-khum, Kaltes-Ekwa) are authored separately under the Mansi label per the tradition split.

Children

• World-Watching Man
• Golden Old Man
• Lower Sky Lord
• World-Surveyor Man

Domains

• sky
• weather
• world order

Powers

• rules from the highest of the seven heavens
• begets the seven sons and the daughter who order the world
• sends a diver to raise the earth from the primal water
• sends the diving bird to raise the earth from the primal water

Epithets

• Num-Torum
• Num Turem Aśi

Relations

• spouse: Kaltes
• equated with: Upper Sky Father
• equated with: Sky (Num)
• equated with: Sky (Nom)
• sibling: Lord of the Underworld
• enemy: Lord of the Underworld

Sources

• K. F. Karjalainen, Die Religion der Jugra-Völker, FF Communications, 1921–1927
• Bernát Munkácsi, Vogul Folklore Collection, 1892–1921