Hwanin

Heavenly ruler and father of Hwanung in the Samguk yusa. The chronicle glosses him as Śakra and says he grants his son three heavenly seals before the descent to earth; it does not identify the seals individually.

Children

• Hwanung

Names and tradition associations

• Hwanin Korean · same recordIryeon, Samguk yusa, book 1, Gojoseon entry (primary)
• Śakra Buddhist · resolvedIryeon, Samguk yusa, book 1, Gojoseon entry (primary)
• Sangje Korean · unresolvedMin Suc Kee, “Ha-na-nim: A Korean Divine Name Taken Over for the Israelite God,” The Bible Translator64/3 (2013), pp333–336 (secondary)
• Hanullim Korean · unresolvedIryeon, Samguk yusa, book 1, Gojoseon entry (primary)

Variant accounts

• source review correctionReplace unconditional equivalence with the source-bounded relationship status.Iryeon, Samguk yusa, book 1, Gojoseon entry (primary)
• source review correctionRetain unverified identifications as explicitly unresolved name entries instead of unqualified aliases.Min Suc Kee, “Ha-na-nim: A Korean Divine Name Taken Over for the Israelite God,” The Bible Translator64/3 (2013), pp333–336 (secondary)

Domains

• lord of heaven

Powers

• Grants a son leave and mandate to descend and rule mankind

Epithets

• 桓因 korean · Hwanin · epithetLord of Heaven in the Dangun foundation mythSamguk Yusa 三國遺事 (1281 CE), Gi-i, Gojoseon (primary)
• 하느님 korean · Haneunim · cultThe Heavenly One; supreme sky-deity identified with HwaninKorean folk religion; the Haneullim/Hanunim sky-god tradition (secondary)

Relations

• father of: HwanungSamguk Yusa Book 1 (primary)
• identified in text: ŚakraIdentification in Iryeon’s gloss; the foundation genealogy remains its own narrative.Iryeon, Samguk yusa, book 1, Gojoseon entry (primary)

Sources

• existence: Samguk Yusa Book 1 (Iryeon, 1281 CE — the earliest extant Tangun source, citing the now-lost Gogi/Old Record); Jewang Ungi (Yi Seunghyu, 1287 CE — the second early Tangun source); Daejongism modern liturgy (primary)
• Heavenly ruler and father of Hwanung in the Samguk yusa. The chronicle glosses him as Śakra and says he grants his son three heavenly seals before the descent to earth; it does not identify the seals individually.: Iryeon, Samguk yusa, book 1, Gojoseon entry (primary)