Roman grain-and-agriculture goddess; head of the Aventine triad (Ceres, Liber, Libera) — the plebeian counter-cult to the patrician Capitoline triad. The Aventine temple housed the plebeian-aediles' archive per Lex Sacrata 494 BCE. Distinct Italic foundation predates and outlives the Greek Demeter equation. Per Wissowa 1912; Spaeth, The Roman Goddess Ceres (1996).