Trebus Jovius

Trebus Jovius is one of the three gods of the second, inner triad of Iguvium, known only from the Iguvine Tablets. Where the Grabovian triad receives oxen in front of each of the city's three gates, the inner triad receives smaller victims behind them; Trebus Jovius takes three pregnant sows at the Trebulan Gate, the first station of the circuit. His name is usually referred to the Italic word for a dwelling or built structure, and the cult-title Iovius marks him as belonging to the Jovian sphere without making him Jupiter. Nothing in the tablets gives him kin, a consort or a myth: he is a recipient of sacrifice defined by his station in the liturgy.

Variant accounts

• Trebus Jovius stands in structural correspondence to Jupiter Grabovius.Scholarship reads the inner-gate triad as answering the Grabovian triad gate for gate, so that Trebus Jovius corresponds to Jupiter Grabovius, Fisus Sancius to Mars Grabovius and Tefer Jovius to Vofionus Grabovius. This is a correspondence of ritual position, and is not treated here as identity: the census disposition records Trebus as a named recipient distinct from Jupiter, and the registry keeps the two as separate figures.'Iguvine Tablets', encyclopedic summary of the two triads and their gate-by-gate correspondence. (secondary)

Domains

• civic lustration
• boundary

Powers

• to receive the offering made within the Trebulan Gate for the Fisian Mount and the state of Iguvium

Epithets

• IovieIguvine Tablets, Tabula Ia 8-10 (Trebo Iovie, dative). (primary)

Relations

• ally: Fisus SanciusCo-invoked with Fisus Sancius in the sequence of sacrifices made behind the three gates of Iguvium.Iguvine Tablets, Tabula Ia 8-19; VIb 3-18 — consecutive recipients of the three inner-gate sacrifices in one liturgical sequence. (primary)
• ally: Tefer JoviusCo-invoked with Tefer Jovius, who completes the inner-gate series at the Veian Gate.Iguvine Tablets, Tabula Ia 8-34; VIb 22-42 — the third inner-gate recipient in the same sequence. (primary)

Sources

• Trebus Jovius (Umbrian Trebo Iovie) is a divine recipient of the Iguvine lustration, receiving three pregnant sows behind the Trebulan Gate for the Fisian Mount and the state of Iguvium, and forming with Fisus Sancius and Tefer Jovius the inner-gate triad that answers the Grabovian triad honoured outside the same gates.: Iguvine Tablets, Tabula Ia 8-10; VIa 58-59. (primary); J. W. Poultney, The Bronze Tables of Iguvium (American Philological Association, 1959) — the English translation from which these tablet references were recorded; see data-sources/audits/lane-1/umbrian-census.tsv. (secondary); Oxford Classical Dictionary, s.v. 'tabulae Iguvinae'. (secondary)