Gaius Iulius Caesar

Mortal-floor (Aeneas-Ascanius-Iulus divine-line annotation through the canonical gens-Iulia eponymic genealogy) Roman dictator and statesman (100-44 BCE); officially deified post-mortem by Senate vote on 1 January 42 BCE as Divus Iulius — the first Roman individual officially deified by the Senate. The post-mortem deification was preceded and "confirmed" by the sidus Iulium comet during his July 44 BCE funeral games per Pliny NH 2.93-94. Conducted the Gallic Wars (58-50 BCE) preserved in his own seven-book commentary De Bello Gallico; crossed the Rubicon on 10 January 49 BCE initiating the civil war against Pompey; defeated the optimates at Pharsalus (48), Thapsus (46), and Munda (45); held the perpetual dictatorship from February 44 BCE; assassinated on the Ides of March 44 BCE in the Curia of Pompey by a conspiracy of senators including Brutus and Cassius. Posthumously adopted Octavian (his great-nephew) in his will; Octavian thereafter claimed the divi filius ("son of the deified") title after Caesar's 42 BCE Senate deification — the foundation of the Augustan principate's religious-ideological architecture. Father of Iulia Caesaris by Cornelia Cinna minor, and of Caesarion by Cleopatra VII.

Parentage

• Gaius Iulius Caesar III
• Aurelia Cotta

Children

• Iulia Caesaris

Powers

• Ascends to heaven and is set among the stars

Epithets

• Dictator Perpetuo
• Pater Patriae
• Divus Iulius

Relations

• father: Gaius Iulius Caesar III
• mother: Aurelia Cotta
• father of: Iulia Caesaris
• sibling: Iulia Minor

Sources

• Caesar's own De Bello Gallico and De Bello Civili
• Suetonius, Divus Iulius (the canonical biography, the first life in De Vita Caesarum)
• Plutarch, Caesar; Plutarch, Brutus; Plutarch, Antony; Plutarch, Pompey
• Cassius Dio, Roman History books 37-44
• Appian, Bellum Civile 2
• Sallust, Bellum Catilinae and Bellum Iugurthinum (contemporary)
• Cicero, Letters and Speeches (contemporary, vast corpus)