Tiberius

Mortal Roman emperor (42 BCE-37 CE); second emperor, reigned 14-37 CE. Born to Tiberius Claudius Nero of the gens Claudia and Livia Drusilla; raised in the imperial household after Livia's 39 BCE divorce-and-remarriage to Octavian. First marriage to Vipsania Agrippina was the canonical-historical happy-marriage of his life; in 12 BCE Augustus compelled him to divorce her to marry Iulia the Elder — the canonical-Suetonian wound he never forgave. Voluntary Rhodes-exile 6 BCE-2 CE. Adopted by Augustus on 26 June 4 CE into the gens Iulia by transitio ad plebem; thereafter legally Tiberius Iulius Caesar. Required by Augustus to first adopt Germanicus as condition of his own adoption — the canonical-Augustan succession-architecture. Acceded on Augustus's 14 CE death; the canonical-Tacitean recusatio imperii of Annales 1.5-15. From 26 CE retreated permanently to Villa Iovis on Capri; the Sejanus-ascendancy 26-31 CE destroyed the Germanicus-faction (Agrippina the Elder and her elder sons); Sejanus fell 18 October 31 CE through Tiberius's Senate-letter. Died 16 March 37 CE at Misenum; per Suetonius Tiberius 73 alternate-tradition, Caligula and Macro hastened his death by smothering. Not deified by the Senate — the canonical-historical first imperial-deification-refusal.

Children

• Drusus the Younger

Epithets

• Tiberius Caesar Augustus Latin · Tiberius Caesar Augustus · titlethe imperial regnal name borne from 14 CESuetonius, Tiberius; imperial coinage and inscriptions (primary)
• Pontifex Maximus Latin · Pontifex Maximus · titlechief priest of the Roman stateTacitus, Annals; imperial titulature (primary)

Relations

• father: Tiberius Claudius Nero (gens Claudia, divorced by Livia 39 BCE) · RomanSuetonius, Tiberius 4 (primary)
• mother: Livia Drusilla (later Iulia Augusta after 14 CE testamentary-adoption by Augustus) · RomanSuetonius, Tiberius 4 (primary)
• sibling: Drusus the ElderSuetonius, Tiberius 4 (primary)
• social father: AugustusAdopted 26 June 4 CE; Tiberius required to first adopt Germanicus as condition of the adoption.Suetonius, Tiberius 15; Tacitus, Annales 1.3 (primary)
• spouse: Vipsania Agrippina (first wife, daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa; canonical-historical happy-marriage; forced divorce 12 BCE) · RomanSuetonius, Tiberius 7 (primary)
• spouse: Iulia the ElderCoercive 11 BCE political-marriage; mutual unhappiness; Tiberius retreated to Rhodes 6 BCE-2 CE partly to escape it.Suetonius, Tiberius 7 (primary)
• social father of: GermanicusRequired by Augustus as condition of his own adoption to first adopt his nephew Germanicus.Suetonius, Tiberius 15; Tacitus, Annales 1.3 (primary)
• spouse: Vipsania AgrippinaReciprocal of roman_vipsania_agrippina.spouse (alphabetical family sweep). (auto reciprocal)

Sources

• existence: Tacitus, Annales 1-6 (the canonical-Tacitean Tiberius-narrative) (primary); Suetonius, Tiberius (in De Vita Caesarum) (primary); Cassius Dio, Roman History books 57-58 (primary); Velleius Paterculus 2.94-2.131 (contemporary, served under Tiberius in Germany) (primary); Philo of Alexandria, Legatio ad Gaium (refers to Tiberius's reign retrospectively) (primary)