Supreme sky-and-thunder-deity of the Etruscan pantheon. Head of the Etruscan triad with Uni and Menrva — the institutional model for the Roman Capitoline triad introduced via the Tarquinian dynasty. The graduated-thunderbolt protocol (announcing / consultative / catastrophic, each requiring different levels of divine assembly approval) is the most-attested feature of Etruscan theological doctrine and the structural source for Roman augural law. Father of the Etruscan Hercle (Heracles) by adoption-via-Uni's-breast-feeding (the Volterra mirror scene), and of Menrva from his head per the Etruscan reception of the Athena-from-Zeus pattern. The Etruscan transmission line for Greek-into-Roman religion runs through Tinia.